Äúµ±Ç°µÄλÖ㺸ֲĠ> ¸Ö¹Ü > Êг¡·ÖÎö

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ÓÚÄÄÒ»Äê

À´Ô´: ×÷Õß: luoboai
·ÖÏíµ½
¹Ø×¢µÂÇÚ¸ÖÌúÍøÔÚÏߣº
  • ɨÃè¶þάÂë

    ¹Ø×¢¡Ì

    µÂÇÚ¸ÖÌúÍøÎ¢ÐÅ

ÔÚÏß×Éѯ£º
  • ɨÃè»òµã»÷¹Ø×¢µÂÇÚ¸ÖÌúÍøÔÚÏ߿ͷþ

´ó¼ÒºÃ£¬½ñÌìÎÒÃÇÀ´ÁÄÒ»ÁĸֲÄÐÐÒµµÄ»°Ì⡪¡ª¡°ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ÓÚÄÄÒ»Äꡱ¡£×÷Ϊһ¸ö¾­Àú¹ý¶à´ÎÐÜÊкÍÅ£ÊеÄÐÐÒµ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÀúÊ··¢Õ¹¿ÉνÊDz¨À½×³À«¡£´ÓËüµÄ³ÉÁ¢±³¾°ºÍÔ­Òò£¬µ½³ÉÁ¢ºóµÄ·¢Õ¹Çé¿ö£¬ÔÙµ½¹ØÓÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢Äê·ÝµÄÕùÒéºÍ½âÊÍ£¬ÎÒÃǶ¼½«Ò»Ò»Ì½ÌÖ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬ÎÒÃÇ»¹»áÓëÆäËû¹ú¼Ò¹ÉÊеijÉÁ¢Ê±¼ä½øÐжԱȣ¬²¢Ì½ÌÖËüÃǶÔÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÓ°Ïì¡£·Ï»°²»¶à˵£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÒ»ÆðÀ´Ì½Ë÷Õâ¸öÁîÈË×ÅÃԵϰÌâ°É£¡

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÀúÊ··¢Õ¹¸ÅÊö

1. ÆðÔ´ÓÚ18ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐ

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊпÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½18ÊÀ¼Í£¬µ±Ê±ÃÀ¹ú¶ÀÁ¢Õ½Õù½áÊø£¬¾­¼Ã¿ªÊ¼Å·¢Õ¹¡£1792Ä꣬»ª¶û½ÖµÄһȺ¹ÉƱ¾­¼ÍÈ˺ÍÉÌÈ˳ÉÁ¢ÁËŦԼ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù£¨NYSE£©£¬ÕâÒ²±êÖ¾×ÅÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÕýʽ³ÉÁ¢¡£

2. 19ÊÀ¼ÍµÄ¹ÉÊз±ÈÙºÍΣ»ú

19ÊÀ¼ÍÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹µÄ¹Ø¼üʱÆÚ£¬Ëæ×Ź¤Òµ¸ïÃüµÄÐËÆð£¬Ðí¶àÐÂÐËÐÐÒµÈçÌú·¡¢¸ÖÌú¡¢Ê¯Ó͵ȿªÊ¼Ó¿ÏÖ¡£ÕâЩÐÐÒµ´ø¶¯ÁË´óÁ¿µÄͶ×ʺͽ»Ò׻£¬Ê¹µÃ¹ÉÊÐÅ·¢Õ¹¡£È»¶ø£¬ÔÚÕâһʱÆÚÒ²³öÏÖÁ˼¸´ÎÖØ´óµÄ¾­¼ÃΣ»ú£¬Èç1837ÄêµÄ¾­¼ÃÏôÌõºÍ1873ÄêµÄ¿Ö»Å¡£

3. 20ÊÀ¼Í³õÆÚµÄ±ä¸ïºÍáÈÆð

20ÊÀ¼Í³õÆÚ£¬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®¿ªÊ¼²ÉÈ¡´ëÊ©¼à¹Ü¹ÉÊУ¬²¢Í¨¹ýһϵÁз¨ÂÉÀ´±£»¤Í¶×ÊÕßÀûÒæ¡£1914Ä꣬Áª°î´¢±¸ÏµÍ³³ÉÁ¢£¬Îª½ðÈÚÌåϵÌṩÎȶ¨ÐÔ¡£´Ëºó£¬Ëæ×ŵÚÒ»´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½µÄ½áÊø£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÓ­À´ÁËÒ»¸öеķ±ÈÙʱÆÚ¡£

4. 1929ÄêµÄ¹ÉÊбÀÅÌ

1929Äê10Ô£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊз¢ÉúÁËÀúÊ·ÉÏ×î´ó¹æÄ£µÄ±ÀÅÌ£¬±»³ÆÎª¡°ºÚÉ«ÐÇÆÚËÄ¡±¡£Õⳡ±ÀÅ̵¼ÖÂÊý°ÙÍòÈËʧȥÁË´óÁ¿²Æ¸»£¬Ò²Òý·¢ÁËÈ«ÇòÐԵľ­¼ÃΣ»ú¡£Ëæºó£¬Õþ¸®²ÉÈ¡´ëÊ©»Ö¸´Êг¡ÐÅÐÄ£¬²¢Í¨¹ýһϵÁз¨ÂÉÀ´¼à¹Ü¹ÉÊС£

5. ¶þÕ½ºóµÄ¸´Ëպͷ±ÈÙ

¶þÕ½ºó£¬ÃÀ¹ú¾­¼Ã¿ìËÙ¸´ËÕ£¬²¢¿ªÊ¼½øÈëÒ»¸ö³¤ÆÚµÄ·±ÈÙʱÆÚ¡£Ëæ×ſƼ¼¸ïÃüºÍÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Ðí¶àÐÂÐËÐÐÒµÈçµç×Ó¡¢º½¿Õ¡¢¼ÆËã»úµÈ¿ªÊ¼ÔÚ¹ÉÊÐÉÏáÈÆð¡£1982Ä꣬µÀÇí˹¹¤ÒµÆ½¾ùÖ¸ÊýÊ×´ÎÍ»ÆÆ1000µã´ó¹Ø£¬±êÖ¾×ÅÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊнøÈëÒ»¸öеĸ߶ȡ£

6. µ±´úÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹

ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­³ÉΪÊÀ½çÉÏ×î´ó¡¢×î»îÔ¾ºÍ×îÖØÒªµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Êг¡Ö®Ò»¡£ÄÉ˹´ï¿Ë֤ȯ½»Ò×ËùºÍÖ¥¼Ó¸ç֤ȯ½»Ò×ËùÒ²Ïà¼Ì³ÉÁ¢£¬²¢ÓëŦԼ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¹²Í¬¹¹³ÉÁËÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÈý´óÖ÷Òª½»Ò×Ëù¡£Ëæ×Å»¥ÁªÍøµÄÆÕ¼°£¬µç×Ó½»Ò×Ò²Öð½¥È¡´úÁË´«Í³µÄÈ˹¤½»Ò×·½Ê½¡£

7. ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄδÀ´Õ¹Íû

Ëæ×ÅÈ«Çò»¯ºÍÐÅÏ¢»¯µÄ¼ÓËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒ²ÃæÁÙ×ÅеÄÌôÕ½ºÍ»úÓö¡£Î´À´£¬Ëæ×ſƼ¼´´ÐºÍÐÂÐËÐÐÒµµÄ²»¶ÏÓ¿ÏÖ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÓÐÍû¼ÌÐø±£³ÖÇ¿¾¢µÄ·¢Õ¹ÊÆÍ·¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Õþ¸®¼à¹ÜºÍͶ×ÊÕß±£»¤Ò²½«¼ÌÐø¼ÓÇ¿£¬ÒÔÈ·±£¹ÉÊÐÎȶ¨ºÍ¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹¡£

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢µÄ±³¾°ºÍÔ­Òò

1. ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐµÄÆðÔ´

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊпÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½17ÊÀ¼Í£¬µ±Ê±µÄÃÀ¹ú»¹ÊÇÓ¢¹úµÄÖ³ÃñµØ¡£µ±Ê±£¬ÈËÃÇ¿ªÊ¼Í¨¹ý½»Ò׺£Íâ»õÎïºÍÉÌÆ·À´»ñÈ¡ÀûÈó£¬ÕâÖÖ½»Ò×ÐÎʽ¾ÍÊÇ×îÔçµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Òס£

2. ¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹´øÀ´¹ÉÊÐÐèÇó

Ëæ×ÅÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄÆóÒµ¿ªÊ¼Ó¿ÏÖ£¬ÎªÁ˳O×ʽðÀ©´óÉú²ú¹æÄ££¬ÕâЩÆóÒµ¿ªÊ¼Ïò¹«ÖÚ·¢ÐÐ¹ÉÆ±¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Ò²ÓÐÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄͶ×ÊÕßÏ£Íûͨ¹ýͶ×Ê¹ÉÆ±À´»ñÈ¡ÊÕÒæ¡£

3. 1792Ä껪¶û½ÖЭ¶¨

1792Äê5ÔÂ17ÈÕ£¬»ª¶û½ÖÉÏһȺ¾­¼ÍÈËÇ©ÊðÁËÒ»·ÝЭÒ飬³ÉÁ¢ÁËŦԼ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù£¨NYSE£©¡£Õâ¸öЭ¶¨±»ÊÓΪÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÕýʽ³ÉÁ¢µÄ±êÖ¾£¬²¢ÇÒÖÁ½ñÈÔ±»ÊÓΪ»ª¶û½ÖµÄÖØÒªÀúʷʼþ¡£

4. ¹¤Òµ¸ïÃüÍÆ¶¯¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹

19ÊÀ¼ÍÖÐÆÚ£¬¹¤Òµ¸ïÃüÔÚÃÀ¹úѸËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£Ëæ×Ź¤Òµ»¯½ø³Ì¼Ó¿ì£¬Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄÆóÒµÐèÒª´óÁ¿×ʽðÀ´Ö§³ÖÆäÉú²úºÍÀ©ÕÅ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öʱÆÚ£¬¹ÉƱ½»Ò׳ÉΪÁËÆóÒµºÍͶ×ÊÕßÖ®¼ä×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÈÚ×Ê·½Ê½¡£

5. 20ÊÀ¼Í¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹

20ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊнøÈëÁËÒ»¸ö¸ßËÙ·¢Õ¹µÄʱÆÚ¡£Ëæ×ÅÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄÆóÒµ½øÈë¹ÉÊУ¬¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ò²±äµÃ¸ü¼Ó»îÔ¾¡£´Ëʱ£¬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®¿ªÊ¼Öƶ¨¸ü¶àµÄ·¨¹æÀ´¼à¹Ü¹ÉÊУ¬ÒÔ±£»¤Í¶×ÊÕßÀûÒæ¡£

6. ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÖØÒªÐÔ

Èç½ñ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­³ÉΪȫÇò×î´ó¡¢×îÖØÒªµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Êг¡¡£Ëü²»½öÓ°Ïì×ÅÃÀ¹ú¾­¼Ã£¬Ò²¶ÔÈ«Çò¾­¼Ã²úÉúמ޴óÓ°Ï졣ͬʱ£¬Ò²ÎüÒýÁËÀ´×ÔÊÀ½ç¸÷µØµÄͶ×ÊÕß²ÎÓëÆäÖС£

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ºóµÄ·¢Õ¹Çé¿ö

1. Æð²½¼èÄÑ£ºÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ÓÚ1792Ä꣬µ±Ê±Ö»ÓÐÎå¼Ò¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¬½»Ò×Á¿Ò²·Ç³£µÍ¡£×î³õµÄ¼¸Ê®Ä꣬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊв¢Ã»ÓÐÊܵ½Ì«¶à¹Ø×¢£¬½»Ò׻Ҳ±È½Ïƽµ­¡£

2. ³ÖÐøÔö³¤£ºËæ×ÅÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍ¹¤Òµ¸ïÃüµÄÐËÆð£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÖð½¥Êܵ½¸ü¶àµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£ÔÚ19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©20ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊпªÊ¼Ñ¸ËÙÔö³¤£¬²¢³öÏÖÁËһЩ´óÐÍÆóÒµºÍ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹¡£

3. ¾­ÀúÁ½´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½£ºÔÚ20ÊÀ¼ÍÉ**ëÒ¶£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊо­ÀúÁËÁ½´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½µÄ³å»÷¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚÕ½ºó¾­¼Ã¸´ËÕµÄÍÆ¶¯Ï£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÔÙ´ÎѸËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬²¢³ÉΪȫÇò×îÖØÒªµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡Ö®Ò»¡£

4. ÔâÓöºÚÉ«ÐÇÆÚÒ»£º1970Äê´úÄ©ÆÚÖÁ1980Äê´ú³õÆÚ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃÔâÓöË¥ÍË£¬²¢µ¼ÖÂÁË1987Äê10ÔÂ19ÈÕ±»³ÆÎª¡°ºÚÉ«ÐÇÆÚÒ»¡±µÄ¹ÉÊбÀÅÌ¡£Õâ´Îʼþ¶ÔÓÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÀ´ËµÊÇÒ»¸ö¾Þ´óµÄÌôÕ½¡£

5. µç×Ó»¯½»Ò×£ºËæ×ſƼ¼µÄ½ø²½£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊпªÊ¼ÊµÏÖµç×Ó»¯½»Ò×£¬Ê¹µÃ½»Ò׸ü¼Ó¸ßЧºÍ±ã½Ý¡£ÕâҲΪ¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹ÌṩÁ˸ü¶àµÄ¶¯Á¦¡£

6. ½ðÈÚΣ»ú£º2008Ä꣬ÃÀ¹ú±¬·¢ÁËÒ»³¡ÑÏÖØµÄ½ðÈÚΣ»ú£¬µ¼ÖÂÈ«Çò¹ÉÊдó·ùϵø¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®²ÉÈ¡ÁË»ý¼«µÄ´ëÊ©À´Ó¦¶ÔΣ»ú£¬²¢×îÖÕʹµÃ¹ÉÊÐÖØÐ»ָ´Ôö³¤¡£

7. ³ÉΪȫÇòµÚÒ»£ºÈç½ñ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­³ÉΪȫÇò×î´ó¡¢×îÖØÒªµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡¡£Ëü²»½öÎüÒýÁËÖÚ¶àͶ×ÊÕßºÍÆóÒµ¼Ò£¬Ò²¶ÔÊÀ½çÆäËûµØÇøµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡²úÉúמ޴óÓ°Ïì¡£

8. ÐÂÐ˿Ƽ¼¹«Ë¾£º½üÄêÀ´£¬Ëæ×ÅÐÂÐ˿Ƽ¼¹«Ë¾µÄáÈÆð£¬Èç¹È¸è¡¢Æ»¹ûµÈ¾ÞÍ·ÆóÒµ£¬ÔÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÖаçÑÝ×ÅÔ½À´Ô½ÖØÒªµÄ½ÇÉ«¡£ÕâҲΪÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊдøÀ´ÁËеķ¢Õ¹»úÓö¡£

9. ÃæÁÙÌôÕ½£ºËäÈ»ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­È¡µÃÁ˾޴ó³É¾Í£¬µ«ËüÒ²ÃæÁÙ×ÅһЩÌôÕ½¡£±ÈÈç£¬Ëæ×ÅÈ«Çò»¯½ø³Ì¼Ó¿ìºÍÐÂÐ˾­¼ÃÌåáÈÆð£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒ²ÃæÁÙ×ÅÀ´×Ô¹ú¼Ê¾ºÕùµÄѹÁ¦¡£

10. δÀ´·¢Õ¹£ºËæ×ſƼ¼µÄ²»¶Ï½ø²½ºÍÈ«Çò¾­¼ÃµÄ±ä»¯£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒ²½«¼ÌÐøÃæÁÙеÄÌôÕ½ºÍ»úÓö¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Ëü×÷ΪȫÇò×î´óµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡£¬ÈÔÈ»½«·¢»Ó×ÅÖØÒªµÄ×÷Ó㬲¢³ÖÐøÍÆ¶¯ÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£

¹ØÓÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢Äê·ÝµÄÕùÒéºÍ½âÊÍ

1. ÕùÒ飺ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢Äê·Ý¾¿¾¹ÊÇÄÄÒ»ÄꣿÕâ¸öÎÊÌâËÆºõ²¢²»¸´ÔÓ£¬µ«Êµ¼ÊÉÏÈ´Òý·¢ÁËÒ»³¡¼¤ÁÒµÄÕùÂÛ¡£ÓÐÈËÈÏΪÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐ×îÔç¿ÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½1792Ä꣬ҲÓÐÈËÈÏΪÊÇÔÚ1790Äê²ÅÕýʽ³ÉÁ¢¡£

2. ½âÊÍ£ºÊ×ÏÈ£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¿´1792Äê¡£µ±Ê±£¬Å¦Ô¼¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¨NYSE£©µÄǰÉí¡°Å¦Ô¼Ö¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù¡±Õýʽ³ÉÁ¢£¬±»ÈÏΪÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеĵ®ÉúÖ®ÈÕ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Õâ¸öÈÕÆÚ²¢²»±»ËùÓÐÈ˶¼ÈϿɡ£ÒòΪÔÚµ±Ê±£¬²¢Ã»ÓÐÒ»¸öͳһµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¬¶øÊÇÓÉ˽È˾­¼ÍÈ˺ÍÒøÐмÒ×é³ÉµÄ¡°½»Ò×Ëù¡±£¬²¢ÇÒûÓÐÒ»¸öÃ÷È·µÄ·¨Âɹ涨¡£

3. ÁíÍ⣬ÓÐЩÈËÔòÈÏΪ1790Äê²ÅÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÕæÕýµÄ¿ªÊ¼¡£ÄÇÒ»Ä꣬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®·¢ÐÐÁ˵ÚÒ»±Ê¹«Õ®£¬²¢Ôڷѳǽ¨Á¢Á˵ÚÒ»¸ö֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¡£ËäÈ»Õâ¸ö½»Ò×ËùºóÀ´Í£Ö¹ÔËÓª£¬µ«Ëü±»ÊÓΪÃÀ¹ú֤ȯÊг¡·¢Õ¹µÄÀï³Ì±®¡£

4. ÄÇôµ½µ×Ó¦¸Ã°ÑÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ÓÚÄÄÒ»ÄêÄØ£¿Æäʵ£¬ÔÚÀúÊ·ÉÏ»¹´æÔÚ¸üÔçÆÚµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò׻£¬ÈçÃÀ¹ú¶ÀÁ¢Õ½ÕùÆÚ¼äµÄ¡°¹ÉƱ¡±½»Òס£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÕâЩ½»Òײ¢²»¾ß±¸ÏÖ´ú¹ÉÊеÄÌØÕ÷£¬Òò´Ë²¢²»Äܱ»ÊÓΪÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÕæÕýµÄÆðµã¡£

5. ×ܽáÀ´Ëµ£¬ËäÈ»ÓÐÈËÈÏΪ1792ÄêÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢µÄÄê·Ý£¬µ«Ò²ÓÐÈËÈÏΪ1790Äê²ÅÊÇÕæÕýµÄ¿ªÊ¼¡£ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­·¢Õ¹ÁË200¶àÄ꣬³ÉΪȫÇò×îÖØÒªµÄ½ðÈÚÊг¡Ö®Ò»¡£¶øÕâЩÕùÒéÒ²ÈÃÎÒÃǸü¼ÓÉîÈëµØÁ˽âÁËÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹µÄÀúÊ·ºÍÑݱä¹ý³Ì¡£

ÆäËû¹ú¼Ò¹ÉÊеijÉÁ¢Ê±¼ä¶Ô±ÈÓëÓ°Ïì

Ëæ×ž­¼ÃÈ«Çò»¯µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­³ÉΪ¸÷¹ú¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄÖØÒªÖ¸±ê¡£³ýÁËÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊУ¬ÆäËû¹ú¼ÒÒ²·×·×½¨Á¢ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ¹ÉÊС£ÄÇô£¬ÕâЩ¹ú¼ÒµÄ¹ÉÊÐÊÇʲôʱºò³ÉÁ¢µÄÄØ£¿ËüÃÇÓÖÊÇÈçºÎÓ°Ïìµ±µØ¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄÄØ£¿

1. Ó¢¹ú¹ÉÊУºÂ×¶ØÖ¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1801Ä꣬ÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×îÔ罨Á¢µÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×ËùÖ®Ò»¡£Ó¢¹ú×÷ΪÀúÊ·ÓÆ¾ÃµÄ×ʱ¾Ö÷Òå¹ú¼Ò£¬Æä¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹ÀúÊ·ÓÆ¾Ã£¬¶ÔÊÀ½ç¹ÉÊÐÒ²ÓÐ×ÅÖØÒªÓ°Ïì¡£Â×¶ØÖ¤È¯½»Ò×ËùĿǰӵÓг¬¹ý3000¼ÒÉÏÊй«Ë¾£¬ÊÐÖµ´ïµ½4ÍòÒÚÃÀÔª¡£

2. ÈÕ±¾¹ÉÊУº¶«¾©Ö¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1878Ä꣬ÊÇÑÇÖÞ×î´óµÄ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¡£ÈÕ±¾×÷ΪÑÇÖÞµÚ¶þ´ó¾­¼ÃÌ壬Æä¹ÉÊÐÔÚÑÇÖÞµØÇøÒ²¾ßÓÐÖØÒªÓ°ÏìÁ¦¡£ÈÕ±¾Õþ¸®ÔøÍ¨¹ý¸÷ÖÖÕþ²ßÀ´Íƶ¯¹ÉƱͶ×Ê£¬ÔÚÉÏÊÀ¼Í80Äê´úÔø³öÏÖ¹ý¡°ÅÝÄ­¾­¼Ã¡±£¬µ«Ö®ºóÓÖ³öÏÖÁ˳¤ÆÚµÍÃÔ¡£

3. Öйú¹ÉÊУºÉϺ£Ö¤È¯½»Ò×ËùºÍÉîÛÚ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù·Ö±ð³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1990ÄêºÍ1991Ä꣬ÊÇÖйúÁ½´ó¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù¡£Öйú¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹Êܵ½Õþ¸®ºê¹Ûµ÷¿ØµÄÓ°Ïì½Ï´ó£¬Ôø¾­³öÏÖ¹ý¡°¹ÉÔÖ¡±µÈʼþ¡£µ«Ëæ×ÅÖйú¾­¼ÃµÄ¿ìËÙÔö³¤£¬Öйú¹ÉÊÐÒ²ÔÚ²»¶Ï׳´ó¡£

4. µÂ¹ú¹ÉÊУº·¨À¼¿Ë¸£Ö¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1585Ä꣬ÊÇÅ·ÖÞ×îÔçµÄ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¡£µÂ¹ú×÷ΪŷÖÞ×î´ó¾­¼ÃÌåÖ®Ò»£¬Æä¹ÉÊжÔÅ·ÖÞ¾­¼ÃÒ²ÓÐ×ÅÖØÒªÓ°Ïì¡£·¨À¼¿Ë¸£Ö¤È¯½»Ò×ËùÓµÓг¬¹ý7000¼ÒÉÏÊй«Ë¾£¬ÊÐÖµ´ïµ½2ÍòÒÚÃÀÔª¡£

5. º«¹ú¹ÉÊУºÊ×¶û֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1956Ä꣬ÊǺ«¹úΨһµÄ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¡£º«¹úÕþ¸®ÔøÍ¨¹ý¸÷ÖÖÕþ²ßÀ´Íƶ¯¹ÉƱͶ×Ê£¬Ê¹µÃº«¹ú¹ÉÊÐÔÚÑÇÖÞµØÇø¾ßÓÐÖØÒªµØÎ»¡£µ«½üÄêÀ´Ò²³öÏÖÁ˲¨¶¯½Ï´óµÄÇé¿ö¡£

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐ×÷ΪȫÇò×î´óµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Êг¡£¬Æä·¢Õ¹ÀúÊ·ÁîÈËÖõÄ¿¡£´Óµ®Éú±³¾°µ½·¢Õ¹Çé¿ö£¬ÔÙµ½ÕùÒéºÍ½âÊÍ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹Àë²»¿ªÕþÖΡ¢¾­¼ÃºÍÉç»áµÈ¸÷·½ÃæµÄÒòËØ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬ÆäËû¹ú¼Ò¹ÉÊеijÉÁ¢Ê±¼äÒ²¶ÔÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊвúÉúÁËÒ»¶¨µÄÓ°Ïì¡£×÷Ϊһ¸öС±à£¬ÎÒÒ²ÉîÉî±»ÕâÒ»ÀúÊ·¹ÊÊÂËùÎüÒý£¬²¢Ï£ÍûÄܹ»Í¨¹ýÕâÆªÎÄÕÂÈøü¶àµÄ¶ÁÕßÁ˽âºÍ¹Ø×¢ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊС£Èç¹ûÄúÏëÒªÁ˽â¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒÔ¼°ÆäËûͶ×ÊÁìÓòµÄ֪ʶ£¬Çë¼ÌÐø¹Ø×¢ÎÒÃÇÍøÕ¾£¬²¢»¶Ó­ÁôÑÔ·ÖÏíÄú¶ÔÓÚ¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹µÄ¿´·¨¡£Ð»Ð»ÔĶÁ£¡

ÔðÈα༭£ºµÂÇÚ¸ÖÌúÍø ±êÇ©£º

ÈÈÃÅËÑË÷

Ïà¹ØÎÄÕÂ

¹ã¸æ
µÂÇÚ¸ÖÌúÍø |Êг¡·ÖÎö

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ÓÚÄÄÒ»Äê

luoboai

|

´ó¼ÒºÃ£¬½ñÌìÎÒÃÇÀ´ÁÄÒ»ÁĸֲÄÐÐÒµµÄ»°Ì⡪¡ª¡°ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ÓÚÄÄÒ»Äꡱ¡£×÷Ϊһ¸ö¾­Àú¹ý¶à´ÎÐÜÊкÍÅ£ÊеÄÐÐÒµ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÀúÊ··¢Õ¹¿ÉνÊDz¨À½×³À«¡£´ÓËüµÄ³ÉÁ¢±³¾°ºÍÔ­Òò£¬µ½³ÉÁ¢ºóµÄ·¢Õ¹Çé¿ö£¬ÔÙµ½¹ØÓÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢Äê·ÝµÄÕùÒéºÍ½âÊÍ£¬ÎÒÃǶ¼½«Ò»Ò»Ì½ÌÖ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬ÎÒÃÇ»¹»áÓëÆäËû¹ú¼Ò¹ÉÊеijÉÁ¢Ê±¼ä½øÐжԱȣ¬²¢Ì½ÌÖËüÃǶÔÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÓ°Ïì¡£·Ï»°²»¶à˵£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÒ»ÆðÀ´Ì½Ë÷Õâ¸öÁîÈË×ÅÃԵϰÌâ°É£¡

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÀúÊ··¢Õ¹¸ÅÊö

1. ÆðÔ´ÓÚ18ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐ

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊпÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½18ÊÀ¼Í£¬µ±Ê±ÃÀ¹ú¶ÀÁ¢Õ½Õù½áÊø£¬¾­¼Ã¿ªÊ¼Å·¢Õ¹¡£1792Ä꣬»ª¶û½ÖµÄһȺ¹ÉƱ¾­¼ÍÈ˺ÍÉÌÈ˳ÉÁ¢ÁËŦԼ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù£¨NYSE£©£¬ÕâÒ²±êÖ¾×ÅÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÕýʽ³ÉÁ¢¡£

2. 19ÊÀ¼ÍµÄ¹ÉÊз±ÈÙºÍΣ»ú

19ÊÀ¼ÍÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹µÄ¹Ø¼üʱÆÚ£¬Ëæ×Ź¤Òµ¸ïÃüµÄÐËÆð£¬Ðí¶àÐÂÐËÐÐÒµÈçÌú·¡¢¸ÖÌú¡¢Ê¯Ó͵ȿªÊ¼Ó¿ÏÖ¡£ÕâЩÐÐÒµ´ø¶¯ÁË´óÁ¿µÄͶ×ʺͽ»Ò׻£¬Ê¹µÃ¹ÉÊÐÅ·¢Õ¹¡£È»¶ø£¬ÔÚÕâһʱÆÚÒ²³öÏÖÁ˼¸´ÎÖØ´óµÄ¾­¼ÃΣ»ú£¬Èç1837ÄêµÄ¾­¼ÃÏôÌõºÍ1873ÄêµÄ¿Ö»Å¡£

3. 20ÊÀ¼Í³õÆÚµÄ±ä¸ïºÍáÈÆð

20ÊÀ¼Í³õÆÚ£¬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®¿ªÊ¼²ÉÈ¡´ëÊ©¼à¹Ü¹ÉÊУ¬²¢Í¨¹ýһϵÁз¨ÂÉÀ´±£»¤Í¶×ÊÕßÀûÒæ¡£1914Ä꣬Áª°î´¢±¸ÏµÍ³³ÉÁ¢£¬Îª½ðÈÚÌåϵÌṩÎȶ¨ÐÔ¡£´Ëºó£¬Ëæ×ŵÚÒ»´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½µÄ½áÊø£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÓ­À´ÁËÒ»¸öеķ±ÈÙʱÆÚ¡£

4. 1929ÄêµÄ¹ÉÊбÀÅÌ

1929Äê10Ô£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊз¢ÉúÁËÀúÊ·ÉÏ×î´ó¹æÄ£µÄ±ÀÅÌ£¬±»³ÆÎª¡°ºÚÉ«ÐÇÆÚËÄ¡±¡£Õⳡ±ÀÅ̵¼ÖÂÊý°ÙÍòÈËʧȥÁË´óÁ¿²Æ¸»£¬Ò²Òý·¢ÁËÈ«ÇòÐԵľ­¼ÃΣ»ú¡£Ëæºó£¬Õþ¸®²ÉÈ¡´ëÊ©»Ö¸´Êг¡ÐÅÐÄ£¬²¢Í¨¹ýһϵÁз¨ÂÉÀ´¼à¹Ü¹ÉÊС£

5. ¶þÕ½ºóµÄ¸´Ëպͷ±ÈÙ

¶þÕ½ºó£¬ÃÀ¹ú¾­¼Ã¿ìËÙ¸´ËÕ£¬²¢¿ªÊ¼½øÈëÒ»¸ö³¤ÆÚµÄ·±ÈÙʱÆÚ¡£Ëæ×ſƼ¼¸ïÃüºÍÐÅÏ¢¼¼ÊõµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Ðí¶àÐÂÐËÐÐÒµÈçµç×Ó¡¢º½¿Õ¡¢¼ÆËã»úµÈ¿ªÊ¼ÔÚ¹ÉÊÐÉÏáÈÆð¡£1982Ä꣬µÀÇí˹¹¤ÒµÆ½¾ùÖ¸ÊýÊ×´ÎÍ»ÆÆ1000µã´ó¹Ø£¬±êÖ¾×ÅÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊнøÈëÒ»¸öеĸ߶ȡ£

6. µ±´úÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹

ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­³ÉΪÊÀ½çÉÏ×î´ó¡¢×î»îÔ¾ºÍ×îÖØÒªµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Êг¡Ö®Ò»¡£ÄÉ˹´ï¿Ë֤ȯ½»Ò×ËùºÍÖ¥¼Ó¸ç֤ȯ½»Ò×ËùÒ²Ïà¼Ì³ÉÁ¢£¬²¢ÓëŦԼ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¹²Í¬¹¹³ÉÁËÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÈý´óÖ÷Òª½»Ò×Ëù¡£Ëæ×Å»¥ÁªÍøµÄÆÕ¼°£¬µç×Ó½»Ò×Ò²Öð½¥È¡´úÁË´«Í³µÄÈ˹¤½»Ò×·½Ê½¡£

7. ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄδÀ´Õ¹Íû

Ëæ×ÅÈ«Çò»¯ºÍÐÅÏ¢»¯µÄ¼ÓËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒ²ÃæÁÙ×ÅеÄÌôÕ½ºÍ»úÓö¡£Î´À´£¬Ëæ×ſƼ¼´´ÐºÍÐÂÐËÐÐÒµµÄ²»¶ÏÓ¿ÏÖ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÓÐÍû¼ÌÐø±£³ÖÇ¿¾¢µÄ·¢Õ¹ÊÆÍ·¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Õþ¸®¼à¹ÜºÍͶ×ÊÕß±£»¤Ò²½«¼ÌÐø¼ÓÇ¿£¬ÒÔÈ·±£¹ÉÊÐÎȶ¨ºÍ¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹¡£

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢µÄ±³¾°ºÍÔ­Òò

1. ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐµÄÆðÔ´

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊпÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½17ÊÀ¼Í£¬µ±Ê±µÄÃÀ¹ú»¹ÊÇÓ¢¹úµÄÖ³ÃñµØ¡£µ±Ê±£¬ÈËÃÇ¿ªÊ¼Í¨¹ý½»Ò׺£Íâ»õÎïºÍÉÌÆ·À´»ñÈ¡ÀûÈó£¬ÕâÖÖ½»Ò×ÐÎʽ¾ÍÊÇ×îÔçµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Òס£

2. ¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹´øÀ´¹ÉÊÐÐèÇó

Ëæ×ÅÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄÆóÒµ¿ªÊ¼Ó¿ÏÖ£¬ÎªÁ˳O×ʽðÀ©´óÉú²ú¹æÄ££¬ÕâЩÆóÒµ¿ªÊ¼Ïò¹«ÖÚ·¢ÐÐ¹ÉÆ±¡£Í¬Ê±£¬Ò²ÓÐÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄͶ×ÊÕßÏ£Íûͨ¹ýͶ×Ê¹ÉÆ±À´»ñÈ¡ÊÕÒæ¡£

3. 1792Ä껪¶û½ÖЭ¶¨

1792Äê5ÔÂ17ÈÕ£¬»ª¶û½ÖÉÏһȺ¾­¼ÍÈËÇ©ÊðÁËÒ»·ÝЭÒ飬³ÉÁ¢ÁËŦԼ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù£¨NYSE£©¡£Õâ¸öЭ¶¨±»ÊÓΪÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÕýʽ³ÉÁ¢µÄ±êÖ¾£¬²¢ÇÒÖÁ½ñÈÔ±»ÊÓΪ»ª¶û½ÖµÄÖØÒªÀúʷʼþ¡£

4. ¹¤Òµ¸ïÃüÍÆ¶¯¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹

19ÊÀ¼ÍÖÐÆÚ£¬¹¤Òµ¸ïÃüÔÚÃÀ¹úѸËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£Ëæ×Ź¤Òµ»¯½ø³Ì¼Ó¿ì£¬Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄÆóÒµÐèÒª´óÁ¿×ʽðÀ´Ö§³ÖÆäÉú²úºÍÀ©ÕÅ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öʱÆÚ£¬¹ÉƱ½»Ò׳ÉΪÁËÆóÒµºÍͶ×ÊÕßÖ®¼ä×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÈÚ×Ê·½Ê½¡£

5. 20ÊÀ¼Í¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹

20ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊнøÈëÁËÒ»¸ö¸ßËÙ·¢Õ¹µÄʱÆÚ¡£Ëæ×ÅÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄÆóÒµ½øÈë¹ÉÊУ¬¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ò²±äµÃ¸ü¼Ó»îÔ¾¡£´Ëʱ£¬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®¿ªÊ¼Öƶ¨¸ü¶àµÄ·¨¹æÀ´¼à¹Ü¹ÉÊУ¬ÒÔ±£»¤Í¶×ÊÕßÀûÒæ¡£

6. ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеÄÖØÒªÐÔ

Èç½ñ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­³ÉΪȫÇò×î´ó¡¢×îÖØÒªµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Êг¡¡£Ëü²»½öÓ°Ïì×ÅÃÀ¹ú¾­¼Ã£¬Ò²¶ÔÈ«Çò¾­¼Ã²úÉúמ޴óÓ°Ï졣ͬʱ£¬Ò²ÎüÒýÁËÀ´×ÔÊÀ½ç¸÷µØµÄͶ×ÊÕß²ÎÓëÆäÖС£

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ºóµÄ·¢Õ¹Çé¿ö

1. Æð²½¼èÄÑ£ºÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ÓÚ1792Ä꣬µ±Ê±Ö»ÓÐÎå¼Ò¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¬½»Ò×Á¿Ò²·Ç³£µÍ¡£×î³õµÄ¼¸Ê®Ä꣬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊв¢Ã»ÓÐÊܵ½Ì«¶à¹Ø×¢£¬½»Ò׻Ҳ±È½Ïƽµ­¡£

2. ³ÖÐøÔö³¤£ºËæ×ÅÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍ¹¤Òµ¸ïÃüµÄÐËÆð£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÖð½¥Êܵ½¸ü¶àµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£ÔÚ19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©20ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊпªÊ¼Ñ¸ËÙÔö³¤£¬²¢³öÏÖÁËһЩ´óÐÍÆóÒµºÍ½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹¡£

3. ¾­ÀúÁ½´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½£ºÔÚ20ÊÀ¼ÍÉ**ëÒ¶£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊо­ÀúÁËÁ½´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½µÄ³å»÷¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚÕ½ºó¾­¼Ã¸´ËÕµÄÍÆ¶¯Ï£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÔÙ´ÎѸËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬²¢³ÉΪȫÇò×îÖØÒªµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡Ö®Ò»¡£

4. ÔâÓöºÚÉ«ÐÇÆÚÒ»£º1970Äê´úÄ©ÆÚÖÁ1980Äê´ú³õÆÚ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃÔâÓöË¥ÍË£¬²¢µ¼ÖÂÁË1987Äê10ÔÂ19ÈÕ±»³ÆÎª¡°ºÚÉ«ÐÇÆÚÒ»¡±µÄ¹ÉÊбÀÅÌ¡£Õâ´Îʼþ¶ÔÓÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÀ´ËµÊÇÒ»¸ö¾Þ´óµÄÌôÕ½¡£

5. µç×Ó»¯½»Ò×£ºËæ×ſƼ¼µÄ½ø²½£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊпªÊ¼ÊµÏÖµç×Ó»¯½»Ò×£¬Ê¹µÃ½»Ò׸ü¼Ó¸ßЧºÍ±ã½Ý¡£ÕâҲΪ¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹ÌṩÁ˸ü¶àµÄ¶¯Á¦¡£

6. ½ðÈÚΣ»ú£º2008Ä꣬ÃÀ¹ú±¬·¢ÁËÒ»³¡ÑÏÖØµÄ½ðÈÚΣ»ú£¬µ¼ÖÂÈ«Çò¹ÉÊдó·ùϵø¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®²ÉÈ¡ÁË»ý¼«µÄ´ëÊ©À´Ó¦¶ÔΣ»ú£¬²¢×îÖÕʹµÃ¹ÉÊÐÖØÐ»ָ´Ôö³¤¡£

7. ³ÉΪȫÇòµÚÒ»£ºÈç½ñ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­³ÉΪȫÇò×î´ó¡¢×îÖØÒªµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡¡£Ëü²»½öÎüÒýÁËÖÚ¶àͶ×ÊÕßºÍÆóÒµ¼Ò£¬Ò²¶ÔÊÀ½çÆäËûµØÇøµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡²úÉúמ޴óÓ°Ïì¡£

8. ÐÂÐ˿Ƽ¼¹«Ë¾£º½üÄêÀ´£¬Ëæ×ÅÐÂÐ˿Ƽ¼¹«Ë¾µÄáÈÆð£¬Èç¹È¸è¡¢Æ»¹ûµÈ¾ÞÍ·ÆóÒµ£¬ÔÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÖаçÑÝ×ÅÔ½À´Ô½ÖØÒªµÄ½ÇÉ«¡£ÕâҲΪÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊдøÀ´ÁËеķ¢Õ¹»úÓö¡£

9. ÃæÁÙÌôÕ½£ºËäÈ»ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­È¡µÃÁ˾޴ó³É¾Í£¬µ«ËüÒ²ÃæÁÙ×ÅһЩÌôÕ½¡£±ÈÈç£¬Ëæ×ÅÈ«Çò»¯½ø³Ì¼Ó¿ìºÍÐÂÐ˾­¼ÃÌåáÈÆð£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒ²ÃæÁÙ×ÅÀ´×Ô¹ú¼Ê¾ºÕùµÄѹÁ¦¡£

10. δÀ´·¢Õ¹£ºËæ×ſƼ¼µÄ²»¶Ï½ø²½ºÍÈ«Çò¾­¼ÃµÄ±ä»¯£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒ²½«¼ÌÐøÃæÁÙеÄÌôÕ½ºÍ»úÓö¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Ëü×÷ΪȫÇò×î´óµÄ¹ÉƱÊг¡£¬ÈÔÈ»½«·¢»Ó×ÅÖØÒªµÄ×÷Ó㬲¢³ÖÐøÍÆ¶¯ÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£

¹ØÓÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢Äê·ÝµÄÕùÒéºÍ½âÊÍ

1. ÕùÒ飺ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢Äê·Ý¾¿¾¹ÊÇÄÄÒ»ÄꣿÕâ¸öÎÊÌâËÆºõ²¢²»¸´ÔÓ£¬µ«Êµ¼ÊÉÏÈ´Òý·¢ÁËÒ»³¡¼¤ÁÒµÄÕùÂÛ¡£ÓÐÈËÈÏΪÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐ×îÔç¿ÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½1792Ä꣬ҲÓÐÈËÈÏΪÊÇÔÚ1790Äê²ÅÕýʽ³ÉÁ¢¡£

2. ½âÊÍ£ºÊ×ÏÈ£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¿´1792Äê¡£µ±Ê±£¬Å¦Ô¼¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¨NYSE£©µÄǰÉí¡°Å¦Ô¼Ö¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù¡±Õýʽ³ÉÁ¢£¬±»ÈÏΪÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеĵ®ÉúÖ®ÈÕ¡£µ«ÊÇ£¬Õâ¸öÈÕÆÚ²¢²»±»ËùÓÐÈ˶¼ÈϿɡ£ÒòΪÔÚµ±Ê±£¬²¢Ã»ÓÐÒ»¸öͳһµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù£¬¶øÊÇÓÉ˽È˾­¼ÍÈ˺ÍÒøÐмÒ×é³ÉµÄ¡°½»Ò×Ëù¡±£¬²¢ÇÒûÓÐÒ»¸öÃ÷È·µÄ·¨Âɹ涨¡£

3. ÁíÍ⣬ÓÐЩÈËÔòÈÏΪ1790Äê²ÅÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÕæÕýµÄ¿ªÊ¼¡£ÄÇÒ»Ä꣬ÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®·¢ÐÐÁ˵ÚÒ»±Ê¹«Õ®£¬²¢Ôڷѳǽ¨Á¢Á˵ÚÒ»¸ö֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¡£ËäÈ»Õâ¸ö½»Ò×ËùºóÀ´Í£Ö¹ÔËÓª£¬µ«Ëü±»ÊÓΪÃÀ¹ú֤ȯÊг¡·¢Õ¹µÄÀï³Ì±®¡£

4. ÄÇôµ½µ×Ó¦¸Ã°ÑÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢ÓÚÄÄÒ»ÄêÄØ£¿Æäʵ£¬ÔÚÀúÊ·ÉÏ»¹´æÔÚ¸üÔçÆÚµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò׻£¬ÈçÃÀ¹ú¶ÀÁ¢Õ½ÕùÆÚ¼äµÄ¡°¹ÉƱ¡±½»Òס£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÕâЩ½»Òײ¢²»¾ß±¸ÏÖ´ú¹ÉÊеÄÌØÕ÷£¬Òò´Ë²¢²»Äܱ»ÊÓΪÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÕæÕýµÄÆðµã¡£

5. ×ܽáÀ´Ëµ£¬ËäÈ»ÓÐÈËÈÏΪ1792ÄêÊÇÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊгÉÁ¢µÄÄê·Ý£¬µ«Ò²ÓÐÈËÈÏΪ1790Äê²ÅÊÇÕæÕýµÄ¿ªÊ¼¡£ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£¬ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­·¢Õ¹ÁË200¶àÄ꣬³ÉΪȫÇò×îÖØÒªµÄ½ðÈÚÊг¡Ö®Ò»¡£¶øÕâЩÕùÒéÒ²ÈÃÎÒÃǸü¼ÓÉîÈëµØÁ˽âÁËÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹µÄÀúÊ·ºÍÑݱä¹ý³Ì¡£

ÆäËû¹ú¼Ò¹ÉÊеijÉÁ¢Ê±¼ä¶Ô±ÈÓëÓ°Ïì

Ëæ×ž­¼ÃÈ«Çò»¯µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬¹ÉÊÐÒѾ­³ÉΪ¸÷¹ú¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄÖØÒªÖ¸±ê¡£³ýÁËÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊУ¬ÆäËû¹ú¼ÒÒ²·×·×½¨Á¢ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ¹ÉÊС£ÄÇô£¬ÕâЩ¹ú¼ÒµÄ¹ÉÊÐÊÇʲôʱºò³ÉÁ¢µÄÄØ£¿ËüÃÇÓÖÊÇÈçºÎÓ°Ïìµ±µØ¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄÄØ£¿

1. Ó¢¹ú¹ÉÊУºÂ×¶ØÖ¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1801Ä꣬ÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×îÔ罨Á¢µÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×ËùÖ®Ò»¡£Ó¢¹ú×÷ΪÀúÊ·ÓÆ¾ÃµÄ×ʱ¾Ö÷Òå¹ú¼Ò£¬Æä¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹ÀúÊ·ÓÆ¾Ã£¬¶ÔÊÀ½ç¹ÉÊÐÒ²ÓÐ×ÅÖØÒªÓ°Ïì¡£Â×¶ØÖ¤È¯½»Ò×ËùĿǰӵÓг¬¹ý3000¼ÒÉÏÊй«Ë¾£¬ÊÐÖµ´ïµ½4ÍòÒÚÃÀÔª¡£

2. ÈÕ±¾¹ÉÊУº¶«¾©Ö¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1878Ä꣬ÊÇÑÇÖÞ×î´óµÄ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¡£ÈÕ±¾×÷ΪÑÇÖÞµÚ¶þ´ó¾­¼ÃÌ壬Æä¹ÉÊÐÔÚÑÇÖÞµØÇøÒ²¾ßÓÐÖØÒªÓ°ÏìÁ¦¡£ÈÕ±¾Õþ¸®ÔøÍ¨¹ý¸÷ÖÖÕþ²ßÀ´Íƶ¯¹ÉƱͶ×Ê£¬ÔÚÉÏÊÀ¼Í80Äê´úÔø³öÏÖ¹ý¡°ÅÝÄ­¾­¼Ã¡±£¬µ«Ö®ºóÓÖ³öÏÖÁ˳¤ÆÚµÍÃÔ¡£

3. Öйú¹ÉÊУºÉϺ£Ö¤È¯½»Ò×ËùºÍÉîÛÚ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù·Ö±ð³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1990ÄêºÍ1991Ä꣬ÊÇÖйúÁ½´ó¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Ëù¡£Öйú¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹Êܵ½Õþ¸®ºê¹Ûµ÷¿ØµÄÓ°Ïì½Ï´ó£¬Ôø¾­³öÏÖ¹ý¡°¹ÉÔÖ¡±µÈʼþ¡£µ«Ëæ×ÅÖйú¾­¼ÃµÄ¿ìËÙÔö³¤£¬Öйú¹ÉÊÐÒ²ÔÚ²»¶Ï׳´ó¡£

4. µÂ¹ú¹ÉÊУº·¨À¼¿Ë¸£Ö¤È¯½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1585Ä꣬ÊÇÅ·ÖÞ×îÔçµÄ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¡£µÂ¹ú×÷ΪŷÖÞ×î´ó¾­¼ÃÌåÖ®Ò»£¬Æä¹ÉÊжÔÅ·ÖÞ¾­¼ÃÒ²ÓÐ×ÅÖØÒªÓ°Ïì¡£·¨À¼¿Ë¸£Ö¤È¯½»Ò×ËùÓµÓг¬¹ý7000¼ÒÉÏÊй«Ë¾£¬ÊÐÖµ´ïµ½2ÍòÒÚÃÀÔª¡£

5. º«¹ú¹ÉÊУºÊ×¶û֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ1956Ä꣬ÊǺ«¹úΨһµÄ֤ȯ½»Ò×Ëù¡£º«¹úÕþ¸®ÔøÍ¨¹ý¸÷ÖÖÕþ²ßÀ´Íƶ¯¹ÉƱͶ×Ê£¬Ê¹µÃº«¹ú¹ÉÊÐÔÚÑÇÖÞµØÇø¾ßÓÐÖØÒªµØÎ»¡£µ«½üÄêÀ´Ò²³öÏÖÁ˲¨¶¯½Ï´óµÄÇé¿ö¡£

ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐ×÷ΪȫÇò×î´óµÄ¹ÉƱ½»Ò×Êг¡£¬Æä·¢Õ¹ÀúÊ·ÁîÈËÖõÄ¿¡£´Óµ®Éú±³¾°µ½·¢Õ¹Çé¿ö£¬ÔÙµ½ÕùÒéºÍ½âÊÍ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊеķ¢Õ¹Àë²»¿ªÕþÖΡ¢¾­¼ÃºÍÉç»áµÈ¸÷·½ÃæµÄÒòËØ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬ÆäËû¹ú¼Ò¹ÉÊеijÉÁ¢Ê±¼äÒ²¶ÔÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊвúÉúÁËÒ»¶¨µÄÓ°Ïì¡£×÷Ϊһ¸öС±à£¬ÎÒÒ²ÉîÉî±»ÕâÒ»ÀúÊ·¹ÊÊÂËùÎüÒý£¬²¢Ï£ÍûÄܹ»Í¨¹ýÕâÆªÎÄÕÂÈøü¶àµÄ¶ÁÕßÁ˽âºÍ¹Ø×¢ÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊС£Èç¹ûÄúÏëÒªÁ˽â¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚÃÀ¹ú¹ÉÊÐÒÔ¼°ÆäËûͶ×ÊÁìÓòµÄ֪ʶ£¬Çë¼ÌÐø¹Ø×¢ÎÒÃÇÍøÕ¾£¬²¢»¶Ó­ÁôÑÔ·ÖÏíÄú¶ÔÓÚ¹ÉÊз¢Õ¹µÄ¿´·¨¡£Ð»Ð»ÔĶÁ£¡


Êг¡·ÖÎö